|
:''This battle should not be confused with the 1813 Battle of Rosillo Creek.'' The Battle of Salado Creek was a decisive engagement in 1842 which repulsed the final Mexican invasion of the Republic of Texas. Colonel Mathew Caldwell of the Texas Rangers led just over 200 militiamen against an army of 1,600 Mexican Army soldiers and Cherokee warriors and defeated them outside of San Antonio de Bexar along Salado Creek. As a result of this action, Mexican commander General Adrián Woll retreated south and back into Mexico.〔(SALADO CREEK, BATTLE OF | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) )〕〔(Battle of the Salado Creek 1842 )〕 ==Background== On January 9, 1842, word came from General Mariano Arista in Monterrey, that Mexico was planning to invade and retake Texas. He stated that all who would not resist would be given amnesty and protection during this invasion. In August 1842, the Mexican army crossed the border with the intention of regaining control of Texas.〔Jack W. Gunn, "MEXICAN INVASIONS OF 1842," Handbook of Texas Online (), accessed February 22, 2012. Pub. by the Texas State Historical Assn.n.〕 An earlier expedition in March, led by General Ráfael Vásquez, had occupied Goliad, Refugio, and Victoria and then captured San Antonio. The surprised Texans, without a force large enough to hold the town evacuated to Seguin, without a fight. The Mexican flag was raised over San Antonio and the city was held by the invaders for a few days, before exiting to Mexico.〔"VASQUEZ, RAFAEL," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fva22), accessed May 16, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.〕 A Texian force was organized at the Manuel N. Flores ranch in Seguin that pursued and ensured Vasquez's flight from Texas.〔Roderick B. Patten, "FLORES, MANUEL ()," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ffl17), accessed May 29, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.〕 In June, a smaller force under the command of Colonel Antonio Canales Rosillo had raided southern Texas until being repulsed in an engagement near Fort Lipantitlan, west of Corpus Christi. The Texan invasions of a year earlier, in which the Texans attempted to annex New Mexico during the Santa Fe Expedition had also stirred up Mexico's interest in retaking Texas.〔Roberto Mario Salmón, "CANALES ROSILLO, ANTONIO," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fca38), accessed May 29, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.〕 French Mexican General Adrián Woll commanded the September expedition which included 500 cavalry, 900 infantry, 200 Cherokee scouts and two artillery pieces. On September 11, 1842 the Mexicans arrived in San Antonio. Captain Salvador Flores was assigned by Mayor John William Smith to command 100 local Tejanos against the Mexican invaders.〔Milvern Harrell: Survivor of the Dawson Massacre by Garland R. Lively〕〔Judge Anderson Hutchinson Diary,( TSL )〕〔Ramos (2008), pg. 188〕 However, the larger Mexican forces captured the city after a skirmish with sixty-two Texans under Chauncy Johnson, who were positioned in houses facing the town plaza. Woll had orders to hold the city, wait for reinforcements, and to withdraw from San Antonio by mid October.〔〔 The alarm was quickly raised so Texan militia began assembling to fight Woll's troops. Colonel Mathew Caldwell, a veteran of the Texas Revolution who had just recently been released after capture during the Santa Fe Expedition, began forming a contingent in Seguin to expel Woll from the city. After forming 140 Texan volunteers Caldwell marched for Cibolo Creek, twenty miles from San Antonio. A little later Caldwell moved his camp thirteen miles closer to the city along Salado Creek near the Prescot House. Altogether, about 220 Texans had been assembled to fight the Mexicans.〔〔〔(The Mier Expedition by George Lord )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of Salado Creek (1842)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|